This is our team's final crime documentary and thumbnail.
Final crime documentary opening
Here is a link to our Google Drive in case there is an issue with the video:
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1QlRI0qoCp60KHfI0I-a6ycOR9jBDKYwN?usp=sharing
Final Thumbnail
This is my critical self-reflection on the crime documentary.
(Me and my teammates made a plan in a shared document for the critical self reflection, we put in our overall plan together in order to save up some time and effort as we were hours away from deadline. However, we still did our critical self reflections individually.)
With the continuous production of media products, it is important for producers to create a branding for themselves in order to be different from other producers within the industry. The way they do this can be by repetitively producing with similar features whether it'd be their edits that sparks up their visual effects or the way they open and introduce their media products such as in series or movie openings. Gradually, people would recognize these similarities as a style and the firm's branding and in the case where it suits the audience's preferences, they would be willing to keep watching media products from that organization, fostering audience loyalty. With the aim to create a style, our thumbnail and documentary have visual similarities that follows fear and danger as a theme. We did this by overall using the same color scheme, more specifically cool tone colors such as blue hues for both the thumbnail and the opening of the documentary itself. This is to connote sadness, tragic, and create a serious atmosphere taking into account that it is a crime documentary. In addition to that, the typography we used are mostly sharp fonts in which this connotes intensity and seriousness. When searching for a content to watch whether it'd be online or offline in the cinemas, the first thing we'd see is their thumbnail and we would be quick to judge and assume whether it'd be good or not based of just that, thus why a good design that hints what type of content it is is important to grab the audiences' attention. Educating and spreading awareness about a certain situation such as crimes, towards their target audiences, would be the purpose of a documentary. Most of the times, documentaries show information by visual effects such as real life footages and recreation scenes, 2 of a crime documentary's genre conventions, in which in order for the audiences to decode the meanings behind them, producers generally provide them with narrative stories playing in the background as a non-diegetic sound along with the clips of evidences for example.
To find out other genre conventions of crime documentaries, doing research by watching openings of crime documentary helped me uncover a number of others. What I picked up from repeatedly watching them was how most of them used camera angles such as establishing shot of the location related to the crime in the beginning of the opening to introduce the setting of the crime. This would be done with diegetic music such as using a creepy soundtrack in addition to the minimal background noise in order to create a sense of uneasiness from the silence within the audiences. It would then continue to introduction of the people involved, whether it'd be the victim or the perpetrator, where most of the time for the perpetrator, their mis-en-scene would be wearing dull colored clothing where these colors, according to semantic codes by Barthes, connote danger or mystery whereas the victim would wear warm colored clothing in which it connotes innocence and being vulnerable, creating a feeling of sympathy and pity from the audiences. Next, since crime documentaries focus on creating tension and suspense towards their audiences, they would typically follow the genre conventions of implementing cuts that gets shorter in duration every time with the aim to increase the pace of the story. Researching these documentary openings influenced my project a lot though next time I would stick to researching more specifically to my sub-genre. Numerous genre conventions were shown in each of every one of them and they inspired me due it being effective in creating suspense and tension within me, thus I chose to include some in my own crime documentary as well. One of the most important genre convention that I included was the creepy and eerie non-diegetic soundtrack as I've once accidentally played the opening without the sound and it was less thrilling and ineffective in trying to evoke suspense. I also chose to create a recreation scene as it sets the mood and hook the audiences early on where they would be more willing to continue watching since they are already exposed to the beginning of the narrative. However on the other hand, since for the opening of my crime documentary I am aiming for a plot twist that will not be uncovered until later on in the documentary, I am subverting to the mis-en-scene of dull clothing.
All these genre conventions I used had to appeal with my target audience which are primarily teenagers in school and young adults within the age range of 16-25 with demographic factors such as living near the vicinity of where the crime happened and psychographic factors such as being crime enthusiasts, having a fear of getting kidnapped. In addition to that, a stretch may be made for our secondary target audience which would be parents of those teenagers with the aim to gain awareness and protection for their children. The genre conventions I included to appeal to both my primary and secondary target audience are firstly and mainly the interview with the perpetrator where through that, they will be able to analyze their personality, behavior, and their habits as well and find what is odd. Furthermore, the usage of clips of real photos of the location after the crime would create heightened feels of emotions such as sympathy and shock as the proof further confirms how real it is. Before that, my thumbnail would appeal to them as it includes a classroom picture of students in their uniform, thus already giving the audiences a huge hint of people involved therefore those who's psychographics match would be willing to watch. To add to this, according to the uses and gratification theory by Blulmer and Katz, my target audience would watch this for firstly surveillance, to monitor signs of abnormal behavior from the perpetrator as mentioned. Secondly, for their personal identity where the audiences may feel connected through relatable experiences. Thirdly, for diversion, more specifically for crime enthusiasts that enjoys the play of emotions through the effects of tension and suspense. Lastly, this documentary may create social relationship between the teenagers or young adults where they may bond through discussions about it through comments in social media posts where through technological convergence and globalization, they will be able to do this with just anyone from within their country or outside as well. To appeal and attract to these different psychographic audiences more specifically teenagers, through the thumbnail, they may be attracted to the font style of the word "Christopher" that was set different compared to the rest of the words where it styled playfully and has a little heart added for the i. This may lead to the audiences assuming that the crime may be related to love which are an ongoing trending topic within teenagers, causing them to watch and check whether or not their assumptions are true. Adding to that, audiences may be interested in watching as in the thumbnail, the people in the background has the faces blurred in which this may leave the audiences questioning why it is like that and what relationship do these people have with the man in the middle since they are within one frame. Not only that, blurring the people in the background allows the audience to be able to focus directly to the main character, the man in the middle, and before they'll know that he is Christopher, they may question his significance in the story and these are how the hermeneutic codes are employed.
The questions about the significance of the man in the middle would later be answered in the opening where he will be represented as the quiet, anti-social student by his mise-en-scene of dull fashion style seen from wearing only a hoodie and long pants. These students will have a preferred reading of being innocent and out of touch with the society. On the other hand, Harper, the main female character is represented as the popular and friendly student by her mise-en-scene of wearing light-colored clothing which according to the semantic code by Barthes, may connote positivity, cheerfulness, and brightness. In addition to that she will be wearing feminine makeup and hairstyle, giving the audiences the thought that she is someone proper, neat, and up to trend with the society. However, her preferred reading here will be secretly abnormal and unusual. Both being high-school students where they have gender stereotypes such as men having a violent and gory personality whereas the women are stereotypically seen with a gentle, pure, and innocent personality, we chose to subvert to these stereotypes and put their personalities in inverse not only to stand out from others, but also to spread awareness and recognize those who experienced the same crime however no one believed them due to the oppressed stereotypes that the society believes. These 2 characters will be involved in the issue of kidnapping and stalking where we will display the preferred reading of the perpetrator having an obsessive personality and the victim being negatively affected both mentally and physically. In order to create suspense and maintain audience engagement in those scenes, the scenes in the crime documentary are mainly shot under dim lighting accompanied by eerie non-diegetic soundtrack with the aim to create a sense of fear and uneasiness for the audience. In addition to that, real life photos will act as proof to solidify their preferred reading.
This is the research and development of our crime documentary's thumbnail where the research was written by Rachelle whereas the development was done by Cheryl with the help of Jocelyn near the end.
Thumbnail Research and Development: (written by Rachelle)
I had searched for crime documentaries on Netflix to look at their thumbnails as reference. A common convention that I noticed is the usage of medium to close-up shots of key figures such as the perpetrator or victim. These types of thumbnails made me question what those people did and their part in the story (e.g. "what crimes did they commit?", "what happened to them?", etc). I think that using thumbnails like this would help engage audiences more as it evokes an emotional connection. Another convention that I noticed is the use of dark color schemes. They typically use black, blue, and green color schemes. I noticed that these colors create an eerie and ominous atmosphere and create suspense as the audience feel that the documentary will reveal unsettling information, especially with the dark lighting used in most of them. Some documentaries use images of crime elements as thumbnails, such as the crime scene, weapon, etc. This feature gives the audience a hint of the crime, but doesn't reveal too much that they know exactly what the crime is. This follows the hermeneutic code cultivated by Barthes which refers to any element in a media product that isn’t fully explained, existing as an enigma for readers. This increases their engagement as it makes them question the context of the media product shown.
I made a few thumbnail sketches based on these conventions and showed them to my teammates to discuss which one we think would convey our message the most effectively. We want our audience to feel drawn to our thumbnail and feel uneasy about it, yet also curious about what our documentary is about.
Hand holding door handle — Image of crime element
A hand holding a door handle as a thumbnail would connote an invasion of privacy, this would evoke anxiety within the audience. This would make them question what was behind the door, who's holding the door, etc. However, door handle images are very commonly used in crime documentaries (as seen on the 'Worst Roommate Ever' thumbnail on my research above), so our thumbnail wouldn't really stand out from the others.
Silhouette figure behind window at night — Shot of key-figure
Using a silhouette figure behind a window would create a very ominous and eerie atmosphere when audiences stumble across it. This thumbnail would definitely give the context of stalking to be connoted by the audience. The imagery of someone watching you from outside the window (the thumbnail is shot to look like the audience are actually looking out the window), is very disturbing, so this would very likely intrigue the viewers, specifically our target audience.
After some thinking, I decided not to use this since taking outdoor pictures at night would be very difficult to do as we (me and my teammates) don’t have the proper lighting equipment to shoot these types of pictures, and none of our houses has windows that are clear enough and/or the windows are on the 3rd floor of the house.
Picture of perpetrator during the interview — Shot of key-figure
This is a very commonly used thumbnail in crime documentaries (as seen on the research I did). Pictures of perpetrators as thumbnails, usually medium to close-up shots, catch the audience’s attention as it creates an immediate connection between the two, making the audience question the perpetrator’s personality and what crimes they did. However, showing the perpetrator upfront will bring down the mystery. Especially since we don’t want to completely reveal the perpetrator in our documentary, this thumbnail will not be suitable.
I discussed with my teammates and we came to a conclusion that this thumbnail would be too cliché as it is too oftenly used in crime documentaries, we want our thumbnail to stand out.
Basement — Image of crime element
Basements are often associated with captivity, this fits our kidnapping theme very well. The picture of the basement will be shot from a higher angle, this creates suspense as it makes the audience feel more vulnerable, as if they’re looking at something sinister down the basement. This creates fear and anxiety within the audience, but also makes them curious as to what lies in that basement and what crimes have happened there.
The street/neighborhood — Image of crime element
Showing the street/neighborhood as the thumbnail creates a sense of familiarity and relatability, highlighting the fact that these crimes can happen anywhere, even in familiar spaces. However, I feel like a picture of only the street/neighborhood would be bland as it doesn’t really correlate to any of the crimes in our documentary. This wouldn’t be engaging enough for our audiences due to the lack of “eerie elements”, which may lead to less views.
Victim in crowd with face blurred and red circle around the face —Shot of key-figure
This thumbnail would display the theme of stalking very well as the blurred face creates a sense of curiosity within the audience, guessing who the victim is. The red circle highlights the fact that the victim is being ‘targeted’, this connotes the vulnerability of the victim, even in crowds. This further highlights the fact that stalkers can identify and isolate their victims, even in public spaces/crowds.
After further discussion with my teammates, we thought that blurring out the victim’s face would create the unwanted connotation that the victim is dead (he’s not). So, we tried to think of a different thumbnail that revolves around this idea of putting a red circle around the face as it is a dramatic effect and would attract the audience’s attention.
Close up of the victim’s eyes – Shot of key-figure
Jasmine gave me the idea of using the victim’s eyes as a thumbnail so that it immediately evokes a sense of uneasiness. The extreme close up shot of the eyes of the victim (being wide-eyed) could convey a sense of fear towards the audience. Wide eyes connote a person being scared or panicked. In addition, we could possibly add the detail of the criminal being reflected in the victim’s eyes through edit to give the audience a little peek as to what the victim is scared of. This would use the Hermeneutic code by Barthes to make the audience ask questions as to what the criminal did to make the victim become scared.
Victim and perpetrator in a class picture with everyone else’s face blurred and red circle around Harper (perpetrator) and Christopher’s (victim) faces – Shot of key-figure
While discussing the thumbnails with my teammates and teacher, I suddenly had an idea, which is to use a class picture with the victim and perpetrator where their faces are circled red and everyone else’s faces are blurred out. I thought that this would be good as it would add a sense of realism as the picture would seem to come from real life, reminding the audience that the crime actually happened in real life. This may hook the audience who will become more interested. In addition, it would fit the narrative as Harper mentioned that Christopher wasn’t close to her and they only met through clubs. Using this idea can help the audience see that the crime wasn’t predictable and before it, they seemed like just regular students that attended the same school.
Medium shot of victim in a classroom picture with classmates around him with their faces blurred out – Shot of key-figure
I tried to think of other ideas that could combine both 6th and 8th thumbnail ideas and had come up with this. I had decided not to choose the class picture with Harper and Christopher as the main focus as we don’t want to reveal who the perpetrator is yet so putting the focus on those two would make it obvious. Moreover, since putting red circles around the victim’s face would make it seem like he didn’t survive the crime and died, I decided to scratch that idea.
After further discussions with my teammates, we decided to use the medium shot of the victim in a classroom picture with classmates around him with their faces blurred out as a thumbnail since we thought that this would convey our message/dominant reading that says “anyone can be a victim”. On the first look, people would assume that Christopher was the perpetrator when he’s not, this means that anyone, no matter their race, behavior, and appearance can still fall victim to these types of crimes, which is why we would like to spread awareness regarding personal safety to our audiences, so that they can always be aware of their surroundings, to prevent themselves from falling victim to these crimes.
Thumbnail Research and Development (Typography R&D) – Rachelle
I had done some observations with the usual typographies used in crime documentaries (I looked back at the thumbnail picture research screenshots on Netflix), and I realized that the font used is typically always bold yet clean.
I went on Google Docs and scrolled through the font options to search for fonts that would fit our documentary. Here are some of the best fonts I found.
Where Did Christopher Go? – Impact
When I was scrolling through the font options, this font (Impact) immediately caught my eye. This font is bold and direct, which makes it a great tool to grab the audience’s attention. Additionally, the font is very intense, which paints the theme of stalking and kidnapping well, as tension is created using this font. Despite this, Impact may be too bold of a font to be used on the thumbnail as it would take the attention away from the picture, and that’s not what we want. There may be a detraction in the emotional impact of our thumbnail image as the font may come across as too aggressive.
Where Did Christopher Go? – Cinzel
This font gives off a formal look, this connotes that the documentary is professional. Audiences would be attracted to this font if they are looking for a high-quality, serious documentary. In addition, they may also feel as if the documentary has an important message to convey as they may feel like the documentary will discuss investigative and/or intellectual crimes, due to the professional font used. However, the Cinzel font isn’t really eye-catching and may lessen the intensity of the thumbnail, which goes against our kidnapping and stalking theme, or even crimes in general. I personally also think that this font gives off historical vibes, which doesn’t fit our documentary as it features modern high school students.
Where Did Christopher Go? – Times New Roman
The Times New Roman font is neutral, which gives the audiences a serious tone yet doesn’t distract them from the thumbnail image either. This font is also formal and very readable, creating a sense of professionalism. However, this font is frequently used in many different contexts (not just documentaries), so it may not create any impact to the audience and may just come across as bland. Additionally, it doesn’t implement any sense of fear or anxiety into the audience, which takes away the purpose of our thumbnail.
Where did Christopher go? – Julius sans one
I personally find this font really unique and decorative as I don’t see this font being used often. Due to the font’s uniqueness (as it looks different from everyday fonts), the curiosity within the readers could be evoked due to the sense of unfamiliarity. This font gives off mysterious vibes to the audience, which may make them question the hidden truths and unresolved issues, increasing audience engagement. This font is also eye-catching and isn’t bland, yet still clean and readable, increasing the chances of audiences being intrigued by the title yet also not having their attentions completely distracted by it so that they can still feel the emotional impact from the thumbnail image.
After some discussions with my teammates, we decided to use Julius Sans One as the font for our thumbnail typography. This is because we want to catch the reader's attention and differentiate our crime documentary from others, but not too much (which is why i chose a clean and readable font) that it takes their attention away from the thumbnail image, following the genre theory cultivated by Steve Neale, which states that a media product must be different enough to stand out from other products, yet similar enough to fit into a category.
This is the process of developing the thumbnail which is done by Cheryl with the help of Jocelyn near the end.
From photo 1 to photo 2:
to:
When looking at photo 1, I realized that the lighting was too bright and clear in which these mise-en-scene connotes a more upbeat and positive atmosphere. This opposes the mood we are trying to set which is gloomy and mysterious, as per conforming to the genre conventions of crime documentary thumbnails according to the research.
From photo 2 to photo 3:
to:
Here I experimented with the black and white filter and further darkened it to the point that it kind of looks unclear with the aim to create effects such as uneasiness and disorientation towards the audiences as what they are seeing is unclear and this would increase a sense of curiosity and suspense. However, something about the result of this picture after the changes doesn’t settle on me and I was unsure of my decisions that I made alone thus far as well, therefore I asked my friend Rachelle who did the research for the thumbnail development on which one she thinks looks better and matches more with the mood of our opening. This is what she said, resulting in me going back to the 2nd photo.
Improvements of photo 2:
From
To
Here I used Adobe Lightroom to color grade the picture to make it more cool toned as in crime documentaries, the blue hue may connote a sad, tragic, and serious mood, which is what we’re going for from the opening as well so this thumbnail would act as a hint for that. In addition to that, since I am planning to use red as the color of the font that we chose for the typography of the name later on, making the picture cool tone will help pop out the color more since they contrast each other, therefore enhancing the visual effects.
From
To
Firstly, I chose to blur the faces of the people in the background to draw the audience’s attention right to the man in the middle in which this would leave them questioning his significance in the story. They may also have questions on why the people in the background are blurred out and what relationship they may have with the man in the middle. Overall, it is to increase audience engagement through hermeneutic code. The first picture was my first try in blurring their faces and I didn’t really like how opaque it was and how unnatural it looked, so I tried to blur all of them at once with the idea that I can put the name of the crime documentary over it easily as well so that it’s easy and clear to read. However, again, It didn’t settle right with me thus I asked my teammates on which one they preferred. They chose the first one and gave a suggestion on toning down the opaqueness by quite a lot in which I did, resulting in the third picture. I ended the modification there as I am already satisfied with how it looks.
Final Draft
Moving on to putting the title onto the thumbnail, we had Jasmine (our actor for Harper) write out Christopher's name in her handwriting digitally, and then we had it turned into text. On our first try, I (Jocelyn) accidentally left the text going over the subject (it was originally meant to go behind the subject), but we ended up liking this version so I just moved it up to make sure Devasya’s (the subject) face isn’t covered by the text.
In the second draft, I rearranged the order of the texts and put it just above Christopher’s actor, the man in the middle, so that it slightly covers him but not entirely. Putting the text too close to the top of the frame looks really bad and just tears the proportionate of the thumbnail apart.
On the final draft, our teammate Jasmine suggested we try tuning the saturation up so that it would look brighter. I couldn’t decide between this and the second draft, as I think both look good, however the “Christopher” text might be a little too bright in this draft, so we ultimately decided on the second draft instead.
Self-reflection
I had a fun time developing this thumbnail as I got to experiment both in terms of color grading the picture and trying different colors and font placements for the name of the crime documentary. I had difficulties in finding a spot for the name placement as I wanted to keep it clear and easy to read with the white color. To solve this, I asked my teammates for their opinions and suggestions in which they helped me create the final draft. This was quite a lengthy process as some of the time I forgot to screenshot and document what I changed and why I changed it, but overall the experimenting part was really enjoyable.
